LSD and the Counterculture of the 1960s free essay sample

LSD and Counterculture of the 1960s LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide, is commonly regarded as one of the most powerful substances known to mankind. Its name is almost synonymous with the counterculture and the hippy movement of the 1960s. Though it is now listed as a Schedule I controlled substance, there was a time when LSD widely used and accepted without the harsh social stigma that it carries today Oenkins). LSD, which is known to the younger population as acid, Lucy, and various other colloquial terms, came into being by complete accident. Albert Hofmann, a chemist, irst created the drug in 1938, but it was not until 1943 that Hofmann unintentionally ingested a small dose of the drug leading to one of the greatest discoveries in the history of psychoactive chemicals (History of LSD). From there, LSD exploded with popularity, and by the 1950s psychiatrists were legally administering the drug to patients in order to explore LSDs potential to heal or treat psychological issues. We will write a custom essay sample on LSD and the Counterculture of the 1960s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During trials, doctors discovered that LSD did indeed have some potential benefits for mental health patients. Many individuals suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and alcoholism†among other illnesses†showed gradual improvements in their conditions when given LSD in a clinical setting (Frood). To satisfy the demand for clinical trials of LSD, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals began to manufacture the drug en masse. The ample supply of LSD led to widespread distribution by physicians to trial participants and, unintentionally, the general public (History of LSD). A black market developed, controlled by select groups of unofficial chemists who were able to synthesize the drug. Various musicians, artists, and igures of esteem took up LSD use, describing it to the population as a world- changing and mind-altering experience. Psychedelic drugs became a growing trend, even receiving the endorsement of Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, who encouraged the youth to turn on, tune in, and drop out. The youth of the generation began to view LSD as nearly harmless, eventually causing the drug to run rampant in the streets, unregulated and, ultimately, legal (Lee, Shlain, et al). Such proliferation of the drug caught the attention of government officials who were interested in the drugs psychoactive effects. Government agencies launched a series of tests, having decorated individuals from both the military and academic worlds take LSD in a controlled setting. The governments motives, at the time, were questionable, with some critics suggesting that the government saw LSD as a means for mass mind control and various other nefarious ideas. Government funded tests continued for a long period of time (Lee, Shlain, et al. ). Their findings, however, did not shed a good light on LSD. Though there was a surplus of clinical information showing the potentially positive effects of LSD, some government studies stated that LSD could actually be a detriment to human mental health†causing depression, anxiety, fear as well as other undesirable side effects. Lawmakers began to think of LSD as an illicit and potentially dangerous substance. With its rampant use among the general population, lawmakers came to fear that the nation was dealing with somewhat of a drug epidemic. LSD was officially banned in the mid-1960s, along with backed by medical reasoning or if it was the result of political disapproval of the drug (History of LSD). The possibility of LSD-related possession charges loomed over the outh of the 1960s, but even still, the number of those using the drug began to grow exponentially. Disenchanted youth looked for a release from the pressures and troubles of society. The disputes over civil rights and the unpopular Vietnam War spearheaded the growing distrust for the American government (Vietnam War Protests). In protest, thousands of young people engaged in the hippie lifestyle, preaching a message of free love and happiness, often coupled with LSD use. Through the hippie counterculture sprang many radical groups that chose to issociate themselves from the modern political structure. Communes and sanctuaries, of sorts, became places where likeminded youth could escape the grips of the traditional social structure (Marks). The infamous Charles Manson, most notably, led a group of young outcasts to live on the fringes of society. LSD and other psychedelic drugs were an integral part of his groups operations. He and his followers turned out to be maniacal and murderous in later years. One of the most notable events in the hippie movement was the legendary Woodstock Festival of 969. Over one hundred thousand people Joined to engage in a three daylong event that promoted peace and happiness and protested the establishment. The psychedelic culture was prevalent at the event, featuring the Grateful Dead†known users of LSD†as well as Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and others (Rosenburg). As the 1970s began and the turbulence of the 1960s began to dwindle so dwindled the use of LSD. Laws became stricter, hippies grew older, and the supply of LSD in the black market became scarce. New laws prohibiting the use of LSD in any medical xperiments stopped academic use of the drug altogether. Whatever potential benefits could have been gained from controlled use of the drug have now been placed on the backburner. Possibly, with newer and more progressive legislation, laws will be passed that will allow the untapped possibilities of psychedelic drugs to be explored. Whether one maintains a liberal or a conservative viewpoint towards experimental drug use, there is no denying that LSD played a major role in the legacy of the 1960s as one of the most turbulent and exciting decades in American history.

Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots

Mary was dubbed the ‘the daughter of debate’ by her cousin, Elizabeth I. Does this description accurately reflect the Queen of Scots? In order to establish whether or not Elizabeth’s description ‘the daughter of debate’ accurately reflects the Queen of Scots it is necessary to firstly examine who Mary was, considering early events in her life including her succession to the throne and her departure to France. Consideration must then be given to Elizabeth with a brief look at her succession to the throne and a more in depth look at what the early relationship between the two monarchs was like and considering the question was Mary obsessed with the throne of England? My focus, however are the events in her life up to and including what Wormald calls ‘the major scandals of 1566-7’ (2001:147). These events that have sparked debate include what were the reasons behind Mary’s marriage to Lord Darnley? Did she as accused commit adultery, and was she involved in the murder of her husband? Did she then marry Bothwell willingly or was she forced? What led Mary to resign her crown to he r infant son? Finally did Elizabeth call Mary ‘the daughter of debate’ and if so in what context? Wormald remarks that Mary Queen of Scots from the very start created uncertainty even before her distinctive character emerged (2001:12). Interestingly the first detail in Mary Stewart’s life under debate is the date of her birth. Mary’s birth date is recorded as the 8th of December 15421 however Fraser remarks that it has been suggested she was actually born on 7th December 1542 and the date was changed to occur with the feast of the virgin (1970:32/33). Mary herself saw her birthday to be the 8th2. Mary was the daughter of King James V and became Queen of Scotland when only six days old. Mary was not only a Stewart, but she was a Guise through her mother and a Tudor, through her grandmother. She therefore had claims to the thrones of Englan... Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots' Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots' Mary was dubbed the ‘the daughter of debate’ by her cousin, Elizabeth I. Does this description accurately reflect the Queen of Scots? In order to establish whether or not Elizabeth’s description ‘the daughter of debate’ accurately reflects the Queen of Scots it is necessary to firstly examine who Mary was, considering early events in her life including her succession to the throne and her departure to France. Consideration must then be given to Elizabeth with a brief look at her succession to the throne and a more in depth look at what the early relationship between the two monarchs was like and considering the question was Mary obsessed with the throne of England? My focus, however are the events in her life up to and including what Wormald calls ‘the major scandals of 1566-7’ (2001:147). These events that have sparked debate include what were the reasons behind Mary’s marriage to Lord Darnley? Did she as accused commit adultery, and was she involved in the murder of her husband? Did she then marry Bothwell willingly or was she forced? What led Mary to resign her crown to he r infant son? Finally did Elizabeth call Mary ‘the daughter of debate’ and if so in what context? Wormald remarks that Mary Queen of Scots from the very start created uncertainty even before her distinctive character emerged (2001:12). Interestingly the first detail in Mary Stewart’s life under debate is the date of her birth. Mary’s birth date is recorded as the 8th of December 15421 however Fraser remarks that it has been suggested she was actually born on 7th December 1542 and the date was changed to occur with the feast of the virgin (1970:32/33). Mary herself saw her birthday to be the 8th2. Mary was the daughter of King James V and became Queen of Scotland when only six days old. Mary was not only a Stewart, but she was a Guise through her mother and a Tudor, through her grandmother. She therefore had claims to the thrones of Englan...

Proofreading Marks 101 What Do These Squiggles Mean

Proofreading Marks 101 What Do These Squiggles Mean What Are the Meaning of Proofreading Marks? Having your work come back from an editor covered in red pen is daunting to begin with. Receiving a manuscript that's covered in proofreading marks that might as well be hieroglyphics can be even more intimidating.But before you reach for your cipher wheel, remember that the purpose of proofreading marks isn’t to confuse you. It’s to provide a detailed roadmap to a professional and polished final manuscript. While independent authors are not likely to spring for large print runs which would be ruined by more than a couple of typoe - proofreading still remains an essential step for most serious self-publishers. What are the meaning of proofreading marks? Find out here! #amediting These days, it’s unlikely for the proofreading process to take place via pen-and-paper, meaning that the use of proofreading marks is also becoming increasingly rare. Most proofreaders used tools such a â€Å"tracked changes† to flag issues - and many indie authors choose to forgo professional proofers for software such as Grammarly or the simple red, dotted line that signifies a typo in processors such as Microsoft Word or Google Docs.That being said, screen fatigue is a real thing and there’s something about a hard-copy document that seems to draw the eye to errors more than a digital one. So if you’re working with a proofreader and want to ensure the collaboration fulfills its top potential, it’s worth getting to know the meaning of the more common proofreading marks.So, without further ado†¦ Once you’ve done all the proofreading work you can, we encourage you to consider working with a professional. Proofreading is the final stage of the editing process and will ensure your book fully meets its potential for success.The average costs of working with a professional proofreader on Reedsy are:$350 for a 40k-word book$520 for a 60k-word book$700 for an 80k-word bookHead to our marketplace to request quotes from a variety of professional proofreaders for free.Have you ever worked with a professional proofreader? Or do you prefer to go the DIY route? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

Alternative Ways to Present Data Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alternative Ways to Present Data - Research Paper Example The latest visualizing health policy info-graphics is a flowchart exemplifying the mechanisms through which people will access healthcare services beginning in 2014. The visualizing health policy of this month provides a step-wise guide through the requirements and options for health coverage under the Affordable Care Act beginning in 2014. This will include other factors such as coverage through an employer, coverage through Medicaid, and coverage through a health insurance exchange (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2013). The data is represented in a chart flow as shown below. (http://www.kff.org/healthreform/jama_infographic_1212.cfm) Data presentation is a critical section of reports, research, proposals and other important demonstrations during the course of daily meeting and vital essential presentations. In most cases, the presentations are either visual in nature or depend on a good visual elements for precision and information delivery. With the emergence of technology, the visual tra nsfer of data is accomplished through computer projectors and program like Microsoft PowerPoint. This has made transfer of data easier than ever, and at the same time making it easier to produce a tangible form of the data faithful to the presentation with the printed slide. There are several methods that can be used in data presentation. They include; graphical, tabular, textual, data flow diagram symbols, pie charts, scatter plots and much more methods of data presentation. However, it is worth noting that the method used to present a particular data depends on whether the data is qualitative or quantitative. In the above report- Visualizing Health Polic

Asian performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asian performance - Essay Example The stiffs’ tapes are Puramvaal, Ulluvaal, Pattuval. The Kacha forms the bulky skirt of the artist. Costume of Kathaakali entails colorful and ornate vests, anklets and jewelry completes and mainly preserves the culture. The prominent music played is Manipravalam. Narrations of the story and the conversations amidst two characters of the play are carried out through gestures expression and rhythmic dancing. The songs are sung on the background, usually by two vocalists. Two drums called Chenda and corresponding maddalam are provided for the music, Cymbals and other instruments are associated in the orchestra. Kathakali performances are conducted after dark but sometimes-special plaayya were played in very early morning. The main reason why kathakali was being performed was to entertain people after the long period work. It was also meant to pass the peoples tradition from one generation to the next Before someone acts the Kathakali, he has to go a rigorous training lasting 8-10 years. The long training period ensures that the actors have the full concentration and physical stamina and male actors played the skill to perform. Traditionally, Kathakali used to dress like woman and played the character, but eventually with time, female participation in Kathakali has become very common. Kathakali is a stylish, ancient and classical dancing form well known for its large costumes and elaborate make-ups. It can be described as a powerfully charged drama and a combination of dance, devotion, drama, music, make up’s and costumers which aims in producing the most impressive sacred theatre in the

Stress and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stress and Health - Essay Example This website provides basic, yet critical information on the relationship between stress and health. According to Krantz, Thorn and Kiecolt-Glasser (2013), stress refers to the â€Å"fight or flight response† when faced with a threat. This response results in increased blood pressure, elevated heart rate and energy production which could have serious health consequences irrespective of the magnitude of stress. Sudden emotional stresses could trigger arrhythmias, heart attacks or even sudden death. The longer the stress period, the worse the effects, thus the resultant irritability, lack of concentration and wearing and tearing of the body. Existing problems such as coronary diseases could worsen leading to cardiovascular risk. Having been informed of the negative health consequences of stress, the website would further educate Felina on ways to increase positive affect, including building strong relationships, resting and seeking help. This has been noted to decrease cardiovas cular risks and thus decrease the negative health effects of stress. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013, February). Relaxation techniques for health: An introduction. Retrieved 15 January 2014 from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/stress/relaxation.htm From this website sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services through the National Institutes of Health, Felina would learn of the health benefits associated with effective stress management. In this case, relaxation techniques, including mind and body practices, release tension and counteract the negative effects of stress. The techniques slow down heart rate, decrease levels of stress hormones and oxygen consumption and lower blood pressure. Analyzing past studies, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NCCAM (2013) documents that relaxation reduces surgery and abdominal pain, nausea due to chemotherapy and smoking desire, controls urinary urgency and

Art as a Spiritual Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art as a Spiritual Practice - Essay Example When practiced properly and with full attention it can prove to be a staircase to where one wishes to go. It can show you the way towards consciousness if the person is seriously interested. And here art refers to any kind of a creative act; whether it be drawing, painting, pottery, sculpture, or even performing arts such as dancing, singing or acting. Each of these activities requires proper concentration on the part of the performer and cannot be taken as a joke if one really wishes to attain proficiency and work out professionally. And when one is serious regarding art he may be able to look at it as a spiritual discipline. Ann Biddle was a dancer who expresses her spirituality through such means. She had had a tough early life and she was always interested in God and spiritual disciplines, such that she looked for them in her talents. She danced, acted and chanted. And in each of these activities, she was able to find the spirituality she had been in search of. In fact, she even got some ideas for her work when engrossed in spiritual practices. Another example is that of Willi Singleton who understood pottery as a form of spiritual practice. He did not look at pottery as something through which he supplied people with pots and plates; in fact, he gave his work a totally new meaning and found spirituality in it. When he is working he experiences a meditative transformation and thus this practice becomes a meditation for him. Lydia Garcia is yet another lady who found spirituality in art, wood carving in her case. Her marriages did not bring her much happiness and she let go after three marriages and looked for spirituality. She admits that whenever depression visited her and she felt low it was a spirituality that helped her regain comfort and confidence.